The beetle Leptinotarsa juncta specializes on this plant, and the beetle Epitrix fuscula (eggplant flea beetle) eats it as well. All content except USDA Plants Database map Copyright Gerald C. Williamson 2021, Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley and the Southern Appalachians: 2nd Edition, Weakley's Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (2015), Dicot Perennial Subshrub Herb Leaves:Alternate. The berries and the root are anodyne, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac and diuretic [4, 222]. Carolina horsenettle. The stem is long and not heavily branching; it is covered in 2.0 - 4.0 mm long spines. Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance, the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). See below Description. [9] This plant is also eaten by Leptinotarsa decemlineata (the Colorado potato beetle) and has been recorded as being eaten at very low rates by pupae of an unidentified species of the family Gelechiidae. The Tropical Soda Apple has larger leaves and long thorns and is more shrubby. Characteristics of the Carolina horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) Family: Solanaceae (nightshades). "Horsenettle" is also written "horse nettle" or "horse-nettle", though USDA publications usually use the one-word form. The deep … They have been used in the treatment of epilepsy [207, 222]. [10] Anthonomus nigrinus feeds on the flowers, and Trichobaris trinotata bores into the stems. Having Carolina horse nettle on the same list as major threats like multiflora rose is absurd. Not a true nettle, this is a member of the nightshade genus which includes the garden tomato. They are most vigorous and most likely to become weedy or dominate on disturbed sites, but can also be found in less disturbed habitats.[8]. ... We have a growing amount of horse nettle in our pastures–likely because our cows don’t eat it so unless we get it clipped at the right stage, it is seeding out and spreading. The deep root also makes it difficult to remove. It is a perennial herbaceous plant, native to the southeastern United States that has spread widely throughout much of temperate North America. The mature yellow fruits are eaten, to a limited extent, by the Ring-Necked Pheasant, Bobwhite, Wild Turkey, Eastern Striped Skunk, and possibly small rodents, thereby promoting the distribution of the seeds and spread of this plant. Other common names include radical weed, sand brier or briar, bull nettle, tread-softly, Solanum mammosum ("apple of Sodom"), devil's tomato and wild tomato. Most mammals avoid eating the stems and leaves due to both the spines and toxicity of the plant.[8]. While the entire plant is toxic when ingested, the berries contain the highest potency of toxin. Contact us to report errors. In European traditional medicine, the plant has been used as a strong sudorific, analgesic, and sedative with powerful narcotic properties. Search Our Database: Enter any portion of the Scientific, Common Name, or both. If indeed your "nettle" is U. dioica, then yes it is most certainly an edible. Solanum carolinense - Carolina Horse Nettle, Bull Nettle, Devil's Tomato. Some familiar members of this family include to-bacco, tomato and potato. EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION, ЕВРОПЕЙСКАЯ И СРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО КАРАНТИНУ И ЗАЩИТЕ РАСТЕНИЙ, ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES, Leaves are alternate, elliptic-oblong to oval, Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map, "Identification and Control of Horsenettle, Horse Nettle (Solanum carolinense), Illinois Wildflowers. bull nettle. Primary noxious weed Nevada. This page only shows Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) and Wood Nettle (Laportea canadensis).For contrast, two similar plants are shown at the bottom that are often confused with these species: Horse Balm (Collinsonia canadensis) and False Nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica). Phonetic Spelling so-LAN-num kair-oh-lin-EN-say This plant has medium severity poison characteristics. Nightshades are a worldwide family that contains many plants with highly toxic fruits; in fact, the Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the few nightshades that is edible. Carolina horsenettle is considered a noxious weed in several US states. Bull nettle flower and leaves. It is propagated by underground creeping rhizomes as well as by seed dispersal, often involving animals as vectors. This page was last edited on 13 December 2020, at 21:10. Flickr photos above were identified by the individual photographers but not reviewed by EoPS. Home → Survival → Food → Edible Plants Nettles: There are several species of nettles. The leaves of the horsenettle plant contain prickly fibers making it undesirable to many animals, but ingestion does happen occasionally. At least thirty-two insects, as well as the meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus, have been recorded feeding on this species in Virginia alone. They become yellow when mature, but are not edible to humans. Pick only the tenderest, youngest leaves. Blades, which alternate, are up to 10.0 cm l… In spite of the edible cousins, do not eat any part of this plant; as with most nightshades it is highly poisonous. Leaves are alternate, elliptic-oblong to oval, 2.5 to 4.5 inches (6.4 to 11.4 centimetres) long, and each is irregularly lobed or coarsely toothed. Locally, a common nightshade is Carolina Horse-nettle (Solanum carolinense), the plant with … All branches and stems are sharp, hard and have 5 mm long spikes. Saying it’s not edible because my cows don’t eat it is the same as saying, vegetables aren’t edible because my 3 year old won’t eat them. Horsenettle is part of the nightshade family, which includes tomatoes and potatoes. However, in these parts, there is also the Horse Nettle, Solanum carolinense, which contains solanine, a dangerous substance to ingest. It is an especially despised weed by gardeners who hand-weed, as the spines tend to penetrate the skin and then break off when the plant is grasped. When in pastures, horsenettle is often difficult to get rid of, due to it's deep roots and prickly stems and leaves. Surface portion of Carolina Bristle Mallow plus long runner. The fruit of Carolina Horse Nettle is yellow when ripe. This native of southeastern North Amer-ica is found throughout Tennessee; it … The leaves feel coarse and the stem is hairy. The leaves are usually shallowly lobed and up to about 5 inches long. The plant grows to 3 feet (91 cm) tall, is perennial, and spreads by both seeds and underground rhizome. [11], Parasitic nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus have been found on lesions on its roots, however causing little damage. This plant should be used with caution, see the notes above on toxicity. Carolina Bristle Mallow. Michael J. The blossom of Carolina Horse Nettle is white to pale violet with long yellow anthers. [10] These two beetles are its two primary herbivores, and can reduce fruit production by as much as 75% relative to plants protected from all insects. Scientific Name(s): Cnidoscolus stimulosus, Cnidoscolus texanus Abundance: common What: seeds, taproot How: seeds raw, roasted; root baked Where: sunny fields When: summer, fall Nutritional Value: protein, calories Dangers: entire plant is covered in stinging hairs similar to stinging nettle. Carolina Horse Nettle is weak-stemmed and can be sprawling, or erect to about 3 feed tall. Examples of nightshade plants include tomatoes, potatoes, bell peppers, jimsonweed and the poisonous belladonna nightshade. [9] The caterpillars of the Synanthedon rileyana moth[8] and the Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) moth feeds on the plant. Each fruit contains around 60 seeds. In fact, herbicide use often selects for horsenettle by removing competing weeds. Leaves smell like potatoes when crushed. These fruits can be. Wise, Christopher F. Sacchi, "Impact of two specialist insect herbivores on reproduction of horse nettle, "Insects, Nematodes, and Pathogens Associated with Horsenettle (, "Plants Profile for Solanum carolinense (Carolina horsenettle)", Texas A&M University, AgriLife Research & Extension Center at Uvalde, Carolina Horse Nettle, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solanum_carolinense&oldid=994048096, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Solanum carolinense, the Carolina horsenettle,[2] is not a true nettle, but a member of the Solanaceae, or nightshade family. ... horse nettle. A Loja de Saúde do Prado, está sediada na Vila de Prado e tem uma Filial em Vila Verde, que oferece uma gama completa de produtos para todos os tipos de situações ortopédicas, anca, coluna, joelho, tornozelo, mão, cotovelo, ombro, punho e pé. It is resistant to many postemergent herbicides and somewhat resistant to broad-spectrum herbicides such as glyphosate and 2,4-D. Horses tend to avoid the plant because it is distasteful, and they are unlikely to eat enough to cause serious problems unless the weed is rampant in their pasture or they have no other suitable forage. The stems, petioles, and central leaf vein, and occasionally the leaf margins, have sharp and painful prickles. However, it is not considered an edible plant like its potato and tomato counterparts. It is resistant to many postemergent herbicides and somewhat resistant to broad-spectrum herbicides such as glyphosate and 2,4-D. Pinching off the top of the plant is a great way to take only tender new growth while leaving most of the plant to continue growing. They are pubescent on the upper surface and have sessile stellate (star-shaped) hairs on the lower surface. Perennial herb with prickles; leaves alternate and simple, lobed or coarsely toothed; flower white to purplish, 5-parted; fruit a yellow berry. [11], Fruits are eaten by a variety of native animals, including ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite, wild turkey, and striped skunk. It also contains the nightshades and horse nettles, as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit. [12] It can spread vegetatively by underground rhizomes as well as by seed. Because of its many spines, the forage value of Carolina horse nettle is poor for wildlife and livestock. A tea made from the wilted leaves has been gargled in the treatment of sore throats and the tea has been drunk in … The scientific name is Solanum carolinense, and it is regarded as one of the most challenging plants to eradicate because it resists most efforts at control. Close-up of flower and seedpod. [4][5] The stem and undersides of larger leaf veins are covered with spines. The fruits also resemble tomatoes. [6], All parts of the plant, including its tomato-like fruit, are poisonous to varying degrees due to the presence of solanine glycoalkaloids which is a toxic alkaloid and one of the plant's natural defenses. The plant is also affected by Erysiphe cichoracearum, causing powdery mildew. Carolina horsenettle is considered a noxious weed in several US states. Horse-nettle Scouting and Prevention: Horsenettle has an erect stem that stands about 60 to 100 cm tall with a few branches that are covered with tiny hairs at the top of the plant. The caterpillars of the day-flying moth Synanthedon rileyana (Riley's Clearwing) feed on Horse Nettle. However, ripe berries and cooked leaves of edible strains are used as food in some locales, and plant parts are used as a traditional medicine. Horse Nettle is widely regarded as a weed, with some justication, but it is also one of the native wildflowers of the prairie. Because of the intense competition among plants and their root systems, this plant is less aggressive in prairie habitats than in disturbed sites around developed areas. Bull nettle seed pod which hold the tasty seeds. Horsenettle, also called Carolina horsenettle or bullnettle, is a her-baceous perennial that is a member of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). It can spread vegetatively by underground rhizomes as well as by seed. Younger Carolina Bristle Mallow leaves are more deeply cleft/lobed than mature leaves. All content except USDA Plants Database map Copyright Gerald C. Williamson 2021Photographs Copyright owned by the named photographer. It is an especially despised weed by gardeners who hand-weed, as the spines tend to penetrate the skin and then break off when the plant is grasped. The Solanaceae family includes the Irish potato. apple of Sodom. It flowers throughout the summer, from April to October (on the northern hemisphere). Close-up of the leaves. The berries should be harvested when fully ripe and carefully air-dried. The fungus Rhizoctonia solani was found causing root rot, particularly under wet conditions in plants damaged by trampling. Manduca sexta moths prefer inbred plants to outbred plants. [3] It has also been found in parts of Europe, Asia, and Australia. Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense), a poisonous member of the nightshade family, is one of the most difficult weeds to eradicate since it resists most attempts at control.Tilling the soil only makes it worse because it brings seeds to the surface where they can germinate. These are 12mm to 15mm in diameter; they may be up to 20mm. Each fruit contains numerous seeds that are glossy yellow and flattened. Carolina horsenettle synonyms, Carolina horsenettle pronunciation, Carolina horsenettle translation, English dictionary definition of Carolina horsenettle. While called a nettle, the Horsenettle is an herbaceous perennial plant of the nightshade family, native to the southeastern United States. The immature fruit is dark green with light green stripes, turning yellow and wrinkled as it matures. This moth is a wasp mimic. Noxious weed U.S. Weed Information; Solanum carolinense . Carolina horsenettle. They grow readily in sandy or loamy soils, and may also tolerate a wide range of soil types. This moth is a wasp mimic. I second Tyler's call to use the latin, and be sure of the id. Carolina nightshade (Solanum carolinense), also known as horsenettle, is a perennial weed that is a member of the nightshade (Solanaceae) family.It is a common contaminate of horse pastures and poor quality hay bales in the southeastern United States. [7], These plants can be found growing in pastures, roadsides, railroad margins, and in disturbed areas and waste ground. Carolina horsenettle is commonly found in the southeastern United States. Carolina horse-nettle, horse-nettle, or bull-nettle (S. carolinense) (Figure 2) is a low-growing perennial herbaceous plant with a typical height between 0.3 and 1.3 m (Great Plains Flora Association 1986:647; Peterson and McKenny 1996:324; Steyermark 1981:1313). PO Box 63, Seneca, SC 29679; 864.606.4673; lmtf.macy@gmail.com Young plant showing leaves and flowers. Notice the spines on the stem. Both surfaces are covered with fine hairs. Though there are other horsenettle nightshades, S. carolinense is the species most commonly called "the horsenettle". In fact, herbicide use often selects for horsenettle by removing competing weeds. The fruit is poisonous to livestock. Anodyne Antispasmodic Aphrodisiac Diuretic Poultice. Any livestock---including cattle, sheep, goats and pigs as well as horses---may be poisoned after eating large quantities of horse nettle. Horsenettle flowers can be purple or white where Tropical Soda Apple has only white blossoms. An infusion of the seeds has been gargled as a treatment for sore throats and drunk in the treatment of goitre. The fruits are benefical to wildlife. Solanum carolinense L. – Carolina horsenettle Subordinate Taxa. They grow to about 1 m (39 in) tall, but are typically shorter, existing as subshrubs. While ingesting any part of the plant can cause fever, headache, scratchy throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, ingesting the fruit can cause abdominal pain, circulatory and respiratory depression, or even death. The root system has creeping underground rhizomes, which are responsible for the vegetative spread of this plant. Like most edible plants, the best way to eat nettle is to consume it shortly after being harvested. Bumble bees pollinate the flowers of this species. Horsenettle, Solanum Carolinense, is similar looking to the Tropical Soda Apple but is a smaller plant. [6] They prefer full sun, but can tolerate both wet or dry conditions. 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